Electron beam machining is one of the examples of non-conventional machining under the thermal process category, along with laser beam machining, electric discharge machining, and plasma cutting. This process uses high velocity electrons for material removal, which is done primarily by melting and rapid vaporization due to intense heating by the electrons.
Almost all materials can be handled using electron beam machining, which is one of many benefits coming from this technique. This method is also very fit for micromachining, with the jobs of drilling fine holes, cutting narrow slots, and cutting contours in sheets. However, the high capital cost of equipment and the mandatory requirement of the high-skilled operators of the system should be taken into consideration before installment.
Laser Beam Machining Ppt
Laser beam machining (LBM) is a form of machining that uses heat directed from a laser beam. This process uses thermal energy to remove material from metallic or nonmetallic surfaces. The high frequency of monochromatic light will fall on the surface, thus heating, melting and vaporizing the material due to the impinge of photons (see Coulomb explosion).[1]Laser beam machining is best suited for brittle materials with low conductivity, but can be used on most materials.[2]
Laser beam machining can be done on glass without melting the surface. With photosensitive glass, the laser alters the chemical structure of the glass allowing it to be selectively etched. The glass is also referred to as photomachinable glass. The advantage of photomachinable glass is that it can produce precisely vertical walls and the native glass is suitable for many biological applications such as substrates for genetic analysis.
Solid-state lasers are designed by doping a rare element into various host materials. Unlike in gas lasers, solid state lasers are pumped optically by flash lamps or arc lamps. Ruby is one of the frequently used host materials in this type of laser.[3] A ruby laser is a type of the solid state laser whose laser medium is a synthetic ruby crystal. The synthetic ruby rod is optically pumped using a xenon flashtube before it is used as an active laser medium.[4]
YAG is an abbreviation for yttrium aluminum garnet which are crystals that are used for solid-state lasers while Nd:YAG refers to neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet crystals that are used in the solid-state lasers as the laser mediate.
The depth of the cut is also influenced by the workpiece material. The material's reflectivity, density, specific heat, and melting point temperature all contribute to the lasers ability to cut the workpiece.
Lasers can be used for welding, cladding, marking, surface treatment, drilling, and cutting among other manufacturing processes. It is used in the automobile, shipbuilding, aerospace, steel, electronics, and medical industries for precision machining of complex parts.
Laser welding is advantageous in that it can weld at speeds of up to 100 mm/s as well as the ability to weld dissimilar metals. Laser cladding is used to coat cheap or weak parts with a harder material in order to improve the surface quality. Drilling and cutting with lasers is advantageous in that there is little to no wear on the cutting tool as there is no contact to cause damage.
The appliance of laser beam machining varies depending on the industry. In light manufacturing the machine is used to engrave and to drill other metals. In the electronic industry laser beam machining is used for wire stripping and skiving of circuits. In the medical industry it is used for cosmetic surgery and hair removal.[2]
Micro laser beam welding (LBW) is the process of creating microscopic welds through the use of laser light. Micro laser beam welding, also known as micro-welding, uses a light source to heat only a specific area, quickly melting and fusing the desired parts together. Micro welding is necessary to maintain precision on small pieces that would otherwise not be possible. This simple but versatile form of welding is a game-changer for a variety of applications throughout the medical, automotive, and aerospace industries.
Microlaser beam welding has various methods to achieve different welds. Conduction mode welding uses a low energy level, forming a wide but shallow weld. Keyhole mode welding creates a weld that is deeper in comparison to its width, unlike conduction mode. Scanner welding and seam welding are two more methods, all of which are used in various applications depending on the parts being joined.
Microscopic laser beam welding (Micro LBW) projects a nanometer-diameter beam of light to fuse different metals together. Any variety of materials including copper, steel, stainless steel, brass, silver, gold, and platinum can be joined. Superior Joining Technologies, Inc. (SJTI) maintains the proprietary microscopic welding processes to deliver the best possible solution to the military and aerospace industries.
The main difference between laser beam welding and micro laser beam welding is simply that micro welding is for small components that cannot be precisely done without a direct light source. Micro welding is also performed at a much lower wattage. This low wattage, paired with extremely fine control, makes for a precise weld on even the smallest parts.
Micro welding methods vary depending on the application, but overall, every industry can benefit from laser micro welding services. Superior Joining Technologies commonly works with industries such as aerospace, aviation, medical, industrial, nuclear, defense, and maritime.
The benefits of micro welding go beyond the ability to weld extremely small parts. Because the heat source is direct and rapid with a quick cooldown, worries regarding contortion and damage are eliminated. Micro laser beam welding allows for a precise weld even on microscopic pieces, maintaining the integrity and avoiding any complications from standard welding strategies. Micro welding is also convenient because of the various methods available, allowing for the most reliable joining of any parts when done properly. SJTI can help determine the proper method for your needs.
Superior Joining Technologies was Nadcap accredited for Laser Beam Welding in 2017 and has conformed to industry welding standards such as AWS D17.1 & AWS C7.4 Standards since 2007. Our processes have been approved by GE, MOOG, and Collins Aerospace. Our team of experts provides laser welding solutions of the most complex assemblies, thinnest materials, and exotic metals. Get in touch with us today to learn more about our micro welding capabilities, GTAW w welding, and other capabilities we have, and how they can work on your next project.
Single-spindle automatic lathes feature a parallel numerical control (PNC) system and TB-Deco software. The PNC technology replaces mechanical cams by creating electronic paths to the individual tool holders, all controlled by a clock. The TB-Deco software, run on Windows, controls all aspects of machining and can be programmed on any PC. Three different models (20, 10, and 7 mm) of the Deco 2000 series are offered in four different axial configurations. Specifications for the 20-mm version include maximum workpiece lengths of 200 mm, headstock spindle speeds up to 10,000 rpm, and a 5.5-hp motor. Tornos Technologies U.S. Corp., 70 Pocono Rd., Brookfield, CT 06804.
A machining center can be configured with a variety of main and auxiliary spindles, fourth axes, and productivity and precision enhancing options to meet specific machining needs. With axes travels of x = 32 in., y = 16 in., and z = 20 in., the BostoMatic 32 is suitable for machining small to medium-sized precision parts. The machine's control has a processing speed of up to 1100 five-axis blocks per second for hesitation-free contouring at feed rates up to 450 in./min (787-in./min rapid transverse) on even the most data-intensive part programs. Boston Digital Corp., 125 Fortune Blvd., Milford, MA 01757.
Micromachining equipment based on solid-state laser technology is designed for micromachining ceramics, semiconductor materials, and polymers with spot sizes less than 25 µm. Typical applications of the Impressario series are microcutting, microetching, high-speed microdrilling, micromilling, and microtrimming of materials with a resolution of less than 10 µm. The micromachining tools are available in both traditional arc lamp and diode-pumped versions. The exact wavelength and cavity design will be a function of the specific micromachining application. Resonetics Inc., 4 Bud Way #21, Nashua, NH 03063.
Lumonics (Kanata, ON, Canada) acquired Meteor Optics (Glendale, AZ), a designer of fiber optics for high-power industrial lasers. Meteor Optics will become Lumonics' Phoenix operations. CAD/CAM/CAE system provider Matra Datavision (Les Ulis, France) signed an agreement to transfer the customers of its current plastics simulation product Euclid Quantum to C-MOLD (Louisville, KY) software. The transfer will include the provision of implementation, training, and customer support services. Phoenix Health Care Products (Milwaukee) has been licensed by DuPont (Wilmington, DE) to provide a new 1025B Tyvek for desiccant packaging. 3M (St. Paul, MN) is offering a sampling program to allow companies to try its hydrofluoroether fluids as an alternative to chlorofluorocarbons and other cleaning substances. For information, call 800/906-6886. PGI Nonwovens, a division of Polymer Group Inc. (Mooresville, NC), secured proprietary worldwide distribution rights to Halar ECTFE, produced from a melt-processable fluoropolymer developed and manufactured by Ausimont USA Inc. (Thorofare, NJ). Plastic Molding Technology (Seymour, CT) was presented with the Connecticut Award for Excellence from the State of Connecticut's assessment and performance recognition program. Minnesota Tool and Die Works relocated from Maple Grove to a larger facility in Ramsey, MN. 2ff7e9595c
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